Generating and manipulating randomness is essential for numerous information technology applications, and quantum mechanics has been shown to offer distinct advantages in this area. A notable model for randomness manipulation is the Bernoulli factory, which enables the controlled adjustment of the bias in Bernoulli random processes. Initially, this framework was explored entirely within a classical context. However, recent advancements have extended this model into the quantum realm, allowing for a more diverse set of randomness manipulation functions.
In this work, a collaboration between Quantum Lab Sapienza University of Rome, INL (International Iberian Nanotechnology Labs) and IFN-CNR (Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies-National Research Council), we propose a Bernoulli factory scheme that utilizes quantum states as both inputs and outputs, implementing a photonic path-encoding approach. This scheme is modular, universal, and applies functions independently of the input bias—attributes that were not present in prior work. We present experimental implementations using a fully programmable integrated photonic platform, demonstrating the feasibility of the approach. These findings open new possibilities for randomness manipulation using integrated quantum technologies.
Link to the article: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41566-024-01526-8
